The Whole Process of Charging Lithium Battery Pack

The charging process of lithium-ion battery can be divided into four stages: trickle charging (low-voltage precharge), constant current charging, constant voltage charging and charging termination.

Stage 1: trickle charging. 

Trickle charging is used to precharge the fully discharged battery unit first. Trickle charging is adopted when the voltage of lithium-ion battery pack is lower than about 3V. The trickle charging current is one tenth of the constant current charging current, i.e. 0.1C.

Stage 2: constant current charging. 

When the lithium ion battery voltage rises above the trickle charging threshold, increase the charging current for constant current charging. The current of constant current charging is between 0.2C and 1.0c. The voltage of lithium-ion battery increases gradually with the constant current charging process. Generally, the voltage set for a single battery is 3.0-4.2v.

Stage 3: constant voltage charging. 

When the voltage of lithium-ion battery rises to 4.2V, the constant current charging ends and the constant voltage charging stage begins. According to the saturation degree of the cell, the charging current decreases slowly from the maximum value as the charging process continues. When it decreases to 0.01c, the charging is considered to be terminated

Stage 4: charging termination.

There are two typical charging termination methods: using the minimum charging current judgment or using the timer. The minimum current method monitors the charging current in the constant voltage charging stage and terminates the charging when the charging current decreases to the range of 0.02c to 0.07c. The second method starts at the beginning of the constant voltage charging stage and terminates the charging process after two hours of continuous charging.

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