Since lithium batteries were invented, they have been the focus of research in the battery industry because they are ideal batteries for new energy storage power sources. What are the cathode materials for lithium batteries? Mainly include LCo (Li-CO2), LMO (Li-MnO2), NCM (Li-NiCoMn), LFP (LiFePO4). Here are some of their respective characteristics:

1. Lithium battery cathode material: LCo

(1) Advantages

1) Excellent electrochemical performance: The average capacity attenuation per cycle is <0.05%, and the first discharge specific capacity is >135mAh/g,

The ratio of 3.6V initial discharge plateau>85%.

2) Excellent processing performance.

3) The tap density is large, which helps to increase the volumetric capacity of the battery.

4) The product has stable performance and good consistency.

5) The advantages of high working voltage, stable discharge, high specific energy and good cycle performance.

6) It is suitable for large-flow discharge and lithium ion insertion and extraction, and it is the first to be used in lithium ion batteries.

(2) Disadvantages

1) The actual capacity of LiCo02 is about 140mA/g, which is only about 50% of the theoretical capacity (274mA/g).

2) In the process of repeated charging and discharging, the structure of the active material changes after repeated shrinkage and expansion due to repeated insertion and extraction of lithium ions, resulting in an increase in the internal resistance of LiCo02 and a decrease in capacity.

2. Lithium battery cathode material: LMO

A layered structure of trivalent manganese oxide LiMnO2. The theoretical capacity of the cathode material is 286 mAh/g, and the actual capacity is about 200 mAh/g. Operating voltage range is 3~4.5V. The main advantages of the cathode material are: abundant manganese resources, low price, high safety, and relatively easy preparation. There are structural instability problems during charging and discharging and dissolution problems at higher operating temperatures.

3. Lithium battery cathode material: NCM

NCM means that the cathode electrode material is composed of nickel, diamond and manganese in a certain proportion.

Advantages: high specific capacity, long cycle life, good safety performance, low price

Disadvantages:

1)The first charge and discharge efficiency of the material is low.

2)The mixing and discharging of cations in the lithium layer affects the first charge and discharge efficiency and cycle stability of the material.

3)The material has a low discharge voltage platform

4. Lithium battery cathode material: LFP

Advantages:

1) Stability and safety;

2) The actual specific capacity can reach more than 140mAh.g-1 under low current charge and discharge, and the structure is not destroyed

3) Good cycle performance (under 100% DOD conditions, it can charge and discharge more than 2000 times);

4) Good overcharge resistance, which is conducive to battery combination use;

5) The source of raw materials is abundant and cheap;

6) Does not contain any heavy metal elements harmful to the human body;

7) Good thermal stability;

Disadvantages:

1) Low electronic conductivity

2) Low ion diffusion coefficient

3) The tap density is not high

4) The synthesis cost is slightly higher